A cartography of the new middle classes in developing and. Large differences in income per capita mostly reflect labour productivity gaps, 20. This middle class is unlike that which became the engine of development in many oecd countries. Currently, 140 million people enter the global middle class annually, and this could increase to 170 million annually by 2022. The unprecedented expansion of the global middle class. Globalisation will be of interest to policy makers, managers of. Confronted with novel mixes of economic, social and environmental. Spending by the global middle class, 2009 to 2030 billions of 2005 ppp dollars.
The global middle class on the rise estimates of the size of the global middle class, percentage of the world population left axis and headcount right axis, 1950 2030 centre for educational research and innovation. Chinas middle class will more than double its spending by 2030, lifting consumption as a portion of gdp to nearly 50 per cent from just 38 per cent in 2014. The global middle class on the rise estimates of the size of the global middle class, percentage of the world population left axis and headcount right axis, 19502030 centre for educational research and innovation. The worlds numbertwo economy is currently at an earlyto middle stage of development in terms. The global middle class on the rise estimates of the size of the global middle class, percentage of the world population left axis and headcount right axis, 1950 2030. Oecd science, technology and innovation outlook 2016. Middle class households feel left behind and have questioned the benefits of economic globalisation. China will become a middleclass society by 2030, based on income measures, new research suggests. China will be middle class by 2030, with high earners to rise. Read teaching 2030 online, read in mobile or kindle. Mfp growth in the oecd is anticipated to fall from 1. A description of trends in asia natalie chun september 2010 natalie chun is economist in the development indicators and policy research division, economics and research department, asian development bank. Many recent studies have suggested a recent middle class squeeze both a shrinking middle class and a decrease in their incomes.
By combining household survey data with growth projections for 145 countries, it shows that asia accounts for less than onequarter of todays middle class. This paper defines a global middle class as all those living. The book covers most oecd countries as well as many nonoecd countries and offers the reader speci. In middle income countries youth are more likely to be students, wage employed or. Look for the statlinks2at the bottom of the tables or graphs in this book. Big science will help us to answer big questions about life on earth, as well as opening up practical applications for space technology. Keeping up with the growth of the worlds middle class pdf.
Selected trends tertiary educational attainment of 2564 population % oecd 2008. Thematic report 6 find, read and cite all the research you need on. Adb economics working paper series middle class size in the past, present, and future. Page 1 delivering the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. The rise of a global middle class global societal trends to 2030. Selected trends how the demand of skills has changed economywide measures of routine and nonroutine task input us levy and murnane mean task input as percentiles of the 1960 task distribution 12.
The susceptibility of emerging nonpoor populations in africa is even more striking. This book also draws on the recent research of other oecd colleagues. Megatrends affecting science, technology and innovation oecd. Other themes studied as part of this series include the spread of information and knowledge through technology, the new media and education, the empowerment of individuals, the changing demographic. Thematic report 6 sam drabble, nora ratzmann, stijn hoorens, dmitry khodyakov, ohid yaqub. The term middle class was coined by british writer james bradshaw in a 1745 pamphlet scheme to prevent running irish wools to france. Overall urban rural 2015 2030 2015 2030 electricity access in the reference scenario image by mit opencourseware. The world in 2050 will the shift in global economic power continue. The circular economy is a blueprint for a new sustainable economy, one that has. A strong and prosperous middle class is crucial for any successful economy and cohesive society. Download teaching 2030 ebook free in pdf and epub format. For the period 20172021, the international monetary fund provides forecasts for real gdp growth imf, 2016a. Pdf on jan 1, 2015, sam drabble and others published the rise of a global middle class. More recently, the consumption role of the middle class has been emphasized.
Section 2 observes the evidence that africas middle class is rapidly rising, fuelling the second fastest growing economic bloc in the world. Gross domestic product gdp, us dollarscapita, 2018. In many oecd countries, middle incomes have grown less than the average and in some they have not. Essentially, north americas share of middle class consumption plummets from 26% in 2009 to 10% by 2030. Technology has automated several middle skilled jobs that used to be carried out by middle class workers a few decades ago. China alone will add one billion people to the middle class 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2005 2030 le s eastern europe and central asia china east asia. Pdf the shift in global goods production towards asia is well documented.
The middle class is a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy. Powered by high birth rates in some countries 6,9niger 6,2mali 6,1burundi 6,1 6,0 6,0burkina faso 5,9 5,8 2,5 2,4 2,2south africa 2,1 2,1 2,0united states 1,9united kingdom. Pdf the emerging middle class in developing countries. By 2030, it is estimated that this number will swell to almost 5 billion people unfpa. The term has had various, even contradictory, meanings. Their implications for project management september 23, 2014 john bricklemyer. To access the pdf references, please consult the science, technology and. Vietnam is urbanizing, with estimates that the urban population will reach 50 percent by 2025. Writers on the left favor the lowerstatus working class. Oecds dissemination platform for all published content books, serials and statistics. The worlds numbertwo economy is currently at an earlytomiddle stage of development in terms. Oecd ilibrary is the online library of the organisation for economic cooperation and development oecd featuring its books, papers and statistics and is the gateway to oecd s analysis and data. By the 2030s, well be ready to move humans toward the red planet. In many oecd countries, middle incomes have grown less than the average and in some they have not grown at all.
Projections for asias middle class in 2030 19 viii. The middle class is all over the us headlines a strong middle class equals a strong america president obama fewer americans identify as middle class in recent years gallup poll the american middle class is no longer the worlds richest ny times clintons campaign claims the middle class needs a. Other trends, however, dont yet give clear indications of their medium and longterm trajectory. If trends continue, the middle class in low and middle income countries will grow from 5% in 2005, to 25% in 2030. Other themes studied as part of this series include. Its usage has often been vague whether defined in terms of occupation, income, education or social status. Oecds longterm efforts to build a system of intern ationally comparable metric s to monitor sti policy and on recent efforts to develop more experimental sti indicators. Whats more, once we get there, well probably discover evidence of alien life, writes ellen stofan, chief scientist at nasa. Us official statistics show that real median household income has remained flat for over a decade. Middle class values also emphasize education, hard work and thrift. Delivering the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Jan 14, 20 the world population in 2030 is expected to be about 8 billion. The worlds middle class will number 5 billion by 2030.
Oecd organization for economic cooperation and development ppp purchasing power parity. There is an emerging middle class, currently accounting for around 10 percent of the population and expected to reach 26 percent by 2026. The future of higher education four oecd scenarios. Nov 10, 2011 selected trends tertiary educational attainment of 2564 population % oecd 2008. Stat enables users to search for and extract data from across oecds many databases. The 2030 agenda is a 15year global framework centred on an ambitious set of 17 sustainable development goals sdgs, 169 targets and over 230 indicators. Oecd organization for economic cooperation and development.
Virtually all 94% of the projected growth in world transportation energy use occurs in the developing nonoecd economies. H, the emerging middle class in developing countries, oecd 12 the wealth report 2012, op cit. The new power of the global middle class the atlantic. Toward a borderless economic community is a collective effort led by the asian development bank institute adbi in collaboration with the asean secretariat and the southeast asia department of the asian development bank adb to help thinking in this direction. Data and research on social and welfare issues including families and children, gender equality, gini coefficient, wellbeing, poverty reduction, human capital and inequality. The adb economics working paper series is a quickdisseminating, informal publication. Oecd featuring its books, papers and statistics and is the gateway to oecd s analysis and data. Finally, the sti outlook 2016 is one of the main pillars of the oecdworld bank innovation. The world population in 2030 is expected to be about 8 billion. An update 3 definition and methodology the middle class has been defined by myself and many others, before and since, as comprising those. Varying assumptions for measuring the middle class 24 ix. Thus, the middle class is the source of all the needed inputs for growth in a neoclassical economynew ideas, physical capital accumulation and human capital accumulation.
The definition by any author is often chosen for political connotations. No wonder then that the term emerging country middle class has been driving big dollar signs into many eyes. Section vii discusses the share and size of the middle class. Dp167 africas rising middle class amid plenty and extreme. Oecd russia brazil africa middle east china indonesia india 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% electricity demand growth rates by region in the reference scenario 20062015 20062030 image by mit opencourseware. Oecd ilibrary is the online library of the organisation for economic cooperation and development oecd featuring its books, papers and statistics and is the gateway to oecds analysis and data. Nov 03, 2016 china will become a middle class society by 2030, based on income measures, new research suggests.